Liberty and equality in French revolution Essay

Liberty and equality in French revolution - Essay Example Liberty and equality in French revolution There lots of downfalls regarding the state of economy which had be corrected to averting the anger from the general population .Economic volatility indeed was the factor that preceded the revolution. Improper usage finances coupled with deficit made it hard to provide for people who faced economic hard ships. Therefore the suffering of many peasant continued to reveal unfair weighty taxation that peasant have to bear. This resulted in more hardships because of the equalities between the rich and poor. Agricultural advance in agriculture in late 17th century and early 18th century couple with the birth of trade spurred the manufacturing sector that existed at the time to rapidly expand and increase production. Therefore agrarian revolution indirectly contributed to industrial revolution because agriculture provided the raw materials that were required by various manufacturing and processing industries hence contributing to their growth and expansion. Trade in Britain led to private banking as a result of the expansion. This also led to money economy characterized by trading organizations. Credit facilities appeared such as the promissory notes, bourse, state bank and other exchange media. This stimulated the economy to grow and people had more money to spend on new investments that later were turned to industries through growth.

Lifestyle Causes of Disease

Lifestyle Causes of Disease In this world whether from developed, developing and underdeveloped countries, there is no doubt that most of the people is experiencing illness and diseases. The major leading causes of illnesses are their lifestyle and standard of living. Some people argue that individuals should be responsible for their health while others argue that the government are the one who is accountable for health. In this paragraph, it tackles the insights on who need to be a liable for health, may it be social, personal and environment. Moreover, it gives the impact of the said issue on international and national policy. Also, it will discuss the justification of each solutions or intervention to address the balance responsibility for healthcare between society and family. The leading factors for the lifestyle diseases are as follows: first is high blood pressure. It is also known as hypertension. It does increase the risk for heart attack or stroke to most have this case. When a person has hypertension, usually it has no signs. That is why people should have a regular check-up of their blood pressure. The only way to know if a person is experiencing a high blood pressure is having it always high for a very long time like for three months. The causes for this illness are unknown but there is a study that it runs in the families or known as hereditary. Occasionally, glandular and kidney diseases are responsible for this. Second is tobacco use. It is considered to be common throughout the globe. It contains a raw material which has an addictive ingredient like nicotine. It is one of the most leading factor for lots of chronic diseases such as cancer, lung related diseases and cardiovascular too. As to this a number of countries are now restricting tobacc o use, regulating people who can only buy and where can they smoke. Third is unsafe sex. It is also known as unprotected sex where describe as having sex without condom. As a result of this, HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI) can occur. Globally, the number of people getting infected with this is increasing every year. That is why using condom is important and it is effective way for preventing STI, AIDS and HIV which can be passed on during sex. Fourth is alcohol use. In order for people to socialise with others, drinking with them is way to know them. However, drinking regularly in high amount can cause lots of health conditions. These alcohol related problems are liver disease, cancer, malnutrition, impotence, infertility, nerve damage, stroke, addiction and worst is death. Fifth is obesity. Obese is defined as accumulation of too much fat inside the body and it has a negative effect on one persons health. If the person BMI is more than to its normal by 30%, it is cons idered to be obese. As to this, high number of health risk can be identified like osteoarthritis or bone degeneration, coronary heart disease, gall bladder disease, high blood pressure, respiratory problems, sleep apnoea, stroke and diabetes. Last is cancer. It is the abnormal cell growth inside the body. There are 100 types of different cancer. It harms the body wherein the damaged cells are dividing uncontrollably which forms masses and lumps except for leukaemia. These masses interferes system in our body like the circulatory, cardiovascular, digestive and respiratory system. Some of the tumours are benign but some of them turn out to be malignant, which is more dangerous to one person’s health. Consequently, countries are spending a lot of money on healthcare costs and expenditure. Since the lifestyle of a person is interrelated with the diseases, there is a question of should an individual be held responsible for their health related choices? So it is been concluded that there is a relationship between the lifestyle of a person to the diseases they are suffering and also the expenditure in the healthcare. Through this, in medical and economic point of view, individuals are morally responsible for their health related choices. However, lots of people are objecting with this idea. People are objecting with several reasons. First, there will be a conflict between individuals who are entirely responsible for their health and also the responsibility of medicine to treat people. Also, there will be a conflict between the society’s obligations to look after the vulnerable people. Second, it is not fair for individuals to be responsible for their health if they themselves cannot make a good health related choices due to addictive behaviour, ignorance, mental incapability and also peer pressure. Third, it will be extremely difficult for people to implement a system that they are totally responsible for their health to think that some people acquire disease through environmental and hereditary factors. Although, it is vital for individuals to be responsible for their health, they should not be obliged to be entirely responsible for it as it is unreachable and impossible to be done. Furthermore, the government and other healthcare providers should also be there to help the society to give full awareness of health and diseases and on how to maintain health and prevent certain illnesses. There are several ways and method on how the government, public and private healthcare sectors on how to promote health and prevent diseases. Fist is through sanitation, which defines as the safe disposal of human waste may it be urine and faeces. Also, it is known as the maintenance of proper hygiene such as rubbish collection and water waste disposal. Second is pollution control which encompasses the air, water and land. However there is an argument on how control should be done and how much control that is needed. The pollution control or the â€Å"command and control† mechanism increases the expenditure in this strategy thus making it slow to achieve a cleaner environment. Third is food and drug safety, wherein to promote and protect health FDA or the Food and Drug Administration is responsible for this. Fourth is the health education. This is also important as it increases the awareness of the public with regards of health and safety. Fifth is disease surveillance wherein the spread of a certain disease is being monitored, observed, examined and supervise to know the patterns of its progression. Also, it observes, predicts and minimizes the harm that it may cause to the public. Sixth is urban planning which ensures the development of the communities such as in transportation, infrastructures and distribution networks. It needs thorough research, planning, analysis, management, implementation and recommendation from the government. Last one is occupational health and safety which targets the safety, health and welfare of the employees or people in the workplaces. Since there are several different methods on how the society can address the health, unfortunately resources are undoubtedly limited. As a result, there is a question of where should the society needs to invest first? Also, which sectors need the most financial aids? As the promotion of healthcare for the society is very important role of the government, they should consider the prioritization method which needs a greater emphasis on delivering healthcare. There are several sectors that need to prioritize first and less emphasize on access to healthcare. First is the prevention campaign. This includes the health education in public, pollution control, pesticide or chemical regulation, food and drug safety, disease surveillance and occupational health. There is a saying that â€Å"prevention is better than cure†. So it is believe that the government should invest the money on the said different prevention of the disease than treatment. Also, everyone can be benefitted from these services like clean water and air, safe food, sanitation, urban planning, control of pest and pesticides and disaster preparedness. Furthermore, the cost-effectiveness of these services is very important in consideration in healthcare and social policy. Moreover, there are also some drawbacks on having these strategies. First is that, one of its problems with having social responsibility for health, there is a tendency that it may encourage individuals to take less responsibility of their health. People might go dependent on those services. On the other hand, some healthcare services or health promotion can empower the individuals to look after their own health. For example, sex education, which gives every individual a knowledge on how to avoid sexually transmitted diseases. Urban planning can also give them healthy choices with regards to workplace, transportation and recreation. In conclusion, every individual and society itself has its own responsibility to take into account in which they live in. People should know how to look after their health and should also pay for their healthcare costs. People should not be also dependent on the amenities that the public services are offering. While the government and other healthcare services should not stop helping the community in health promotion and prevention for the welfare and development of the society. As to the national and international policy, these strategies are considered to be a big help as it is cost effective and easy to implement than building healthcare infrastructures which are costly and expensive.

Puritan Doctrine In 17th C. Li :: essays research papers

In seventeenth century America, the world was a frightening place. God could, and would, strike a man down at any time for any missteps he might take. Nature was filled with horrors, like Indians, and the Devil resided in the forest, waiting to steal peoples’ souls. In the eighteenth century, however, the Enlightenment began. Man discovered that he could learn by following others’ example, or by observing nature, rather than looking solely to the Bible for answers. People began to become concerned with their life here on the earth, rather than concerning themselves solely with the expectations of the afterlife. God stopped being thought of as a puppeteer, pulling the strings and controlling every movement, but as a clockmaker who had wound the world up and had then stepped back to watch. Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Paine were two important figures in the Enlightenment. Although their philosophies differed on some matters, they both believed that the world was there to observe, not merely to act as a waiting room for the afterlife. This was a dramatic change from the seventeenth century viewpoint. Franklin and Paine’s viewpoints differed sharply from those that were held to be true in the seventeenth century, and nowhere were these differences as apparent as they were in the areas of knowledge, nature, and religion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In regards to knowledge, the seventeenth century view was that knowledge was to gained through studying the Bible, and that the only purpose of gaining further knowledge would be to preserve the integrity of one’s own soul, or to help others in saving theirs. The Puritans’ interests in gaining or preserving knowledge were solely religious, and they also believed that any knowledge that man was to have could be found within the Bible. In The Autobiography (Part Two), Franklin writes that his main reason for setting up a subscription library was to give himself access to more books, and that the knowledge he gained would serve as his own personal â€Å"Means of Improvement† (575). According to the Puritans, if a person had a question, he or she needed only to search the scriptures for an answer. For example, when Anne Bradstreet was searching for an answer as to why her house, and all of her possessions contained therein, had burnt to the ground , she looked to scripture, and found solace in the idea everything she had, including her own life, was on lend from God (278).

Blood Disorder

Blood Disorders Carl Jones HCA/240 November 20, 2011 Lily, a 4-year-old Caucasian female, has she been complaining of being tired all the time. She is pale and is a picky eater. Her mother is a single mom with a small budget to feed a large family. Lily eats only pasta, breads, and hot dogs, and she drinks only artificial fruit punch. Lily has iron deficiency anemia. In this first scenario I think that Lily has Pernicious Anemia or else identified as Vitamin B12 anemia. Several of the signs that Lily is encountering are similar to anemia which are Fatigue, pale appearance, and weakness. Pernicious anemia is usually initiated by poor eating regimen. B12 vitamin is necessary in the making of red blood cells; a Red blood cell holds oxygen throughout the body. The analysis pernicious anemia is reasonably straightforward. The physician does a bodily examination as well as blood test to decide the quantity of B12 and Folic Acid in the body. A lot of the warning signs of pernicious mimic that of an individual with a folic acid anemia also. An individual that is analyzed with pernicious anemia would need to request that their doctor speak to them concerning being monitored for abdominal cancer, the cause for this is pernicious anemia positions the individual at higher jeopardy for abdominal cancer. This remedy of pernicious anemia is fairly easy as well. A B12 enhancement may be all that is required to re-establish the appropriate amounts of B12 in the body. This enhancement is taken as an injection into the muscles or in a capsule structure. To make sure the B12 is being immersed into the body your physician possibly will do blood work every a month. If the amount of B12 is not improving to satisfactory amounts a blood transfusions may be necessary. Davon is a 5-year-old African American male who has just moved to Chicago, and he is visiting his new pediatrician for a kindergarten physical. His mother tells the nurse that she carries the sickle cell trait and wants Davon screened for it. Davon may have the sickle cell trait. In this second scenario I think that Davon has sickle cell anemia. The blood disorder that Davon has is a familiar hereditary trait amongst African American people. Sickle Cell anemia begins as soon as the red blood cells are not shaped in their normal circular form but relatively a semi-circular form. This semi-circular form initiates blood to proceed up which is extremely agonizing. Sickle cell hurts bones, organs and muscles. Regular Blood examinations are given to make sure if the individual has sickle cell anemia or if they are merely a carrier for it. If you are a carrier that does not signify that you contained sickle cell, however it can be passed on to your offspring. Great deals of hospitals examine infants prior to them going to the house as soon as being born. Medications amongst kid’s age two months to five years old are required of antibiotics to avoid illnesses, plus pain management is extremely essential among the healing of sickle cell. At present there is no way to tell for sure that a blood transfusion will be able to assist the patient dealing with the agony of rigorous sickle cell. At hand there is no way to stop sickle cell from happening; there is presently pain management to relieve the aching break outs of sickle cell. Spencer has noted over the past several weeks that he is having more bruises, or ecchymosis, all over his body. After coughing this morning, he noticed tiny red marks all around his eyes. Spencer has thrombocytopenia. In this last scenario I believe that Spencer musts see his physician to be looked at for potential leukemia. Spencer has been bruising incredibly effortlessly recently and that is a few of the signs of pre-leukemia. There are items that Spencer may have come into connection with such as radiation. Radiation is not the single thing that can bring about leukemia it can as well be genetic. In order to identify leukemia your physician will arrange to do chest x-rays, CT scans, blood work and potential lumbar puncture to discover if leukemia is the identification and what type of leukemia it is so that appropriate action can be in progress. The customary management of leukemia is chemotherapy. Even though chemo is helping, the growth can resume spreading and stem cell transplant possibly will be required. Various forms of leukemia cannot be stopped however other forms can be prevented by not smoking, and keeping away from benzene and radiation. Reference Health Central (2005-2011) Retrieved on November 20, 2011 from http://www. healthcentral. com/encyclopedia/408/622. html Kids Health (2005-2011) Retrieved on November 20, 2011 from http://kidshealth. org/teen/diseases_conditions/blood/sickle_cell_anemia. html

IT Ethics and Security Essay

The bill of Children’s Internet Protection Act or CIPA is included in the United States Congress and is recommended to keep a tight rein on children’s disclosure to obscene websites and explicit material available on the internet and online. This bill was proposed by the Senator of Arizona, Mr.  John McCain who wanted CIPA to be in United States Senate in the year 1999; however it was not included until various other delegates launched it in the United States House of Representatives, subsequent to which an absolute version was made and passed on the 15th December, 2000 after President Bill Clinton brought it into Law on 21st December, 2000 which after a few years on 23rd June, 2003 finally got defended by the Supreme Court of United States of America (US District Pennsylvania, 2010). This law requires the schools and public libraries to use internet safety filters for the reception of certain national financial support. Therefore the Supreme Court of United States of America has followed on constitutionality CIPA and has been providing them with the relieves to acquire reasonably priced telecommunications and Internet (Willard, 2007). Supreme Court of United States of America’s ruling on CIPA The purpose of CIPA was to provide the libraries and schools of the USA with support for internet and telecommunication facilities and this has been followed perfectly since the Supreme Court of USA approved it however it has certain limitation. A legal apprehension for instructors is lawsuits brought through anxious parents and associations. Through certain internet filters the minors can be saved from the explicit content on the internet which may rot their minds at a very early age so this helps in preventing the data of school from being seen by some other sources and, therefore from all points provide maximum security to the children and their families (US District Pennsylvania, 2010). As mentioned there are certain limitation to the support program which includes that as per CIPA, schools and libraries under CIPA do not obtain the concession accessible through the â€Å"E-rate† program, which is a concession that provides the facility of internet to schools and libraries, until they confirm that they have all the internet security measures in place which include the filter of blockage of pictures which are obscene, which may contain explicit material or certain data which might be bad for the children’s mind, therefore the schools which have CIPA facility need to have proper monitoring system which is too under check of the USA authorities jus in case of any violation (Willard, 2007). Also the educational institutions and libraries under the watch and aid of CIPA have to implement an authority and are inquired about to check the children while they use the internet, send any electronic mail or use some kind of chatting resource through the web while special check on certain hacking or misuse of internet by a minor is done and all the information is under supervision of the authorities however it does not need tracing of internet and the websites used by the children or any adult during the subjection to CIPA as it can be done by the supervisor of the place where the internet is being used (US District Pennsylvania, 2010). Hence this has been one of the greatest steps taken by the United States government and surely has a brilliant positive effect on the minors as they not only learn the use of internet but are also protected through it. Conclusion The united states government has always taken steps for the betterment of its citizen and the ones through which they can be benefitted therefore this step of CIPA ruling under the Supreme Court of the USA deserves appreciation and especially the people who donate funds to help the schools and libraries running and provide facilities the young minds

Appeal to David Walkers Appea essays

Appeal to David Walker's Appea essays After finishing every book I have every read there has been an eminent feeling triggered by the underlying meaning...not this one. As I sit here trying to decipher just how I feel, my emotions are stirring. Since I can't put an exact point on how I feel, I am going to just let it all flow out and hope that it makes sense. In my experience, writing from the heart seems to be the most powerful method. I want to start with some of the more general points of the book and gradually get more specific. I think that this book may be one of the most powerful pieces of literature ever written. It makes it even more affective knowing who was writing it and who he was trying to reach. David Walker took a major step saying what said, but more importantly how he said it. Through the entire book I pictured him walking through a "forum" of white clergy and government officials pointing his finger to all of those so called innocent Christians. I decided when I started that I would read through and highlight the points that I wanted to discuss in the paper, that way I could retrace easily. I got to the point where I was highlighting a large portion of the text, more so that the unhighlighted portion. Walker didn't waste time saying what he wanted to say, that is why the book was only 87 pages. He said what he needed to say and didn't beat around the bush. This explains why the book is so effective. The tone in the text was uncanny. Walker projected his opinions with authority, emotion, and convictions for what he believes. I hear so often that it was thought to be an angry essay. I didn't get that impression from the entire book. He was "appealing." Walker may well have been an angry man, but if you are appealing to a group or groups of people anger isn't going to be the most motivating force. I thought the punctuation exemplified the emotion behind his writings. There was a constant use of the exclamation point to show the ener...

Nuclear Disaster in Japan essays

Nuclear Disaster in Japan essays There was a nuclear reaction at a uranium processing plant in Japan that has brought an enormous amount of people to stay indoors, to stop farming, and to have many schools closed down. There was a large amount of radiation spilt and researchers estimate that there was up to 39 people that were exposed to high amounts of radiation. The town in which this radiation accidents occurred was in Tokaimura. Tokaimura is located about 90 miles away from Tokyo. The victims of this accident were showing extreme symptoms of being exposed to radiation, high amounts of vomiting and diarrhea. Three of the victims were fireman, that were said to have been exposed to the chemicals while carrying the victims The nuclear reaction was put under control about twenty hours after the accident. The governor was extremely happy when he heard that the chain reaction had stopped because if it had succeed and kept evolving then the reaction could have turned into the critical stage in which the chemicals would be able to just burn on their own. Tokyo's government does admit to being slow to react to one of the worse nuclear reactions spills in this nation. The governor was very ashamed to The officials that were trying to contain the spill evacuated one-hundred and sixty people within 350 yards from the plant. The announcements were made in many ways such as loud speakers, radio announcements, and skywriters. Everyone was told to close their windows and to stay indoors. There was 313,000 people that were told to stay indoors that were within six One of the local residents, Yoko Kurosawa, said, "I'm scared because I can't see (the threat) with my own eyes. I'm keeping my doors and windows closed and can't use my air conditioner. I can't sleep." Yoko lived within about 2 miles of the plant. Yoko was 26 years old. There were at ...

Earning a Health Care Management Degree

Earning a Health Care Management Degree A health care management degree is a type of business degree awarded to students who have finished a college, university, or business school program with a focus on health care management. This program of study is designed for individuals who want to manage aspects of healthcare organizations. Some examples of management tasks  in  healthcare organizations include hiring and training staff members, making finance related decisions, meeting stakeholder demands, acquiring appropriate technology to provide effective health care services, and developing new services to serve patients.   Although curriculum can vary depending on the program and level of study most health care management degree programs include courses in health care policy and delivery systems, health insurance, health care economics, health care information management, human resources management, and operations management. You may also take courses in health care statistics, ethics in health care management, health care marketing,  and legal aspects of health care management. In this article, well explore types of health care management degrees by a level of study and identify some of the things you can do with a health care management degree after graduation.   Types  of Health Care Management Degrees There are four basic types of health care management degrees that can be earned from a college, university, or business school: Associate Degree in Health Care Management - An associate degree program in health care management typically focuses more on general education courses but will also include several classes devoted specifically to health care management. These programs usually take two years to complete. After earning an associate degree, you could seek entry-level employment in the health care management field or go on to pursue a bachelor degree in health care management or a related area.Bachelor Degree in Health Care Management - A bachelor degree in health care management will take approximately four years to complete. While enrolled in the program, you will take a core set of general education courses in addition to courses focused on health care management topics.Master Degree in Health Care Management - A master degree in health care management focuses specifically on health care management topics. Depending on the program you attend, you may have the opportunity to choose your electives so th at you can specialize in a particular area of health care management. Most master programs take two years to complete. However, there are accelerated MBA programs available through some business schools. Doctorate Degree in Health Care Management - A doctorate degree program in health care management involves intense study, a great deal of research, and a thesis. These programs usually take three to five years to complete. However, program length can vary. Which Degree Should I Earn? A degree of some kind is almost always required to work in the health care management field. There are some entry-level positions that can be obtained with a diploma, certificate, on-the-job training, or work experience. However, it will be much easier to pursue and secure most management, supervisory, and executive positions with some type of degree in health care, business, or health care management.A bachelor degree is the most common requirement for a health care manager, health services manager, or medical manager. However, many people in this  field also hold a master degree. Associate degree and Ph.D. degree holders are less common but can be found working in many different positions. What Can I Do With a Healthcare Management Degree? There are many different types of careers that can be pursued with a health care management degree. Every health care operation needs someone in supervisory positions to handle administrative tasks and other employees. You could choose to become a general health care manager. You may also decide to specialize in managing specific types of health care organizations, such as hospitals, senior care facilities, physicians offices, or community health centers. Some other career options may include working in health care consulting or education. Common Job Titles A few common job titles for people who hold a health care management degree include: Medical Office Manager - Medical office managers, also known as medical practice managers and medical office administrators, oversee daily operations in medical practice. They may be responsible for scheduling, staffing, supervising employees, supply ordering and inventory, and accounts receivable and payable.Health Services Manager - Health services managers, also known as health care managers and medical managers, oversee operations and employees at health care facilities. Depending on the size of the facility, responsibilities may include employee supervision, financial management, risk management, record management, and communications management.Health Information Manager - Health information managers oversee the maintenance and security of patient records. Their responsibilities may include securing databases, maintaining confidentiality, and communicating changes in health care laws and regulations.Health Care Project Manager - Health care project managers are increasingly in d emand. These professionals are charged with overseeing specific projects and teams. They may be responsible for project planning, scheduling, budgeting, risk management, and much more.

The ubiquitin system, disease and drug discovery Research Paper

The ubiquitin system, disease and drug discovery - Research Paper Example According to (Hershko,1998,pg.425-79) â€Å"There are strong indications for roles of the ubiquitin system in development and apoptosis, although the target proteins involved in these cases have not been identified.†.Protein in ubiquting exists in chain format which is linear and consists of amino acids. The degradation of chain is possible and it is thermodynamically possible in an aqueous environment. When the degradation of protein happens this is known as protein – turnover. The balance which exists between the synthesis and its degradation determines the concentration level of protein in the cell. The studies conducted over protein turnover rates have revealed that some proteins are long lived while others are short lived. The cell majorly consists of long lived protein while short lived proteins which are regulatory protein are abnormal protein. Source – (Hersko,1998,pg 425-79) The Ub has a function to monitor the turnover of protein in the cell by regulati ng the degradation process. This regulatory function is largely important. By regulatory function of Ub the cells are able to eliminate protein that displays another function. Furthermore, such regulation observes that other process expressed by regulatory protein is shut down. There is another regulatory function displayed by the protein which is alternative in nature and it simply inactivates the protein. However, in case of this alternative regulation, these inactivated proteins can be mistakenly reactivated. Unfortunately, the Ub linked regulation is expensive energetically and if a regulation needs to be done once again then re-synthesize should be performed. The functioning of Ub is in a ATP – depended pattern. But what is the reason for this? The reason for this in order to target the protein machinery is required that can degrade the protein. The machinery is used just as a tag which marks the protein which needs to be degradation. The degradation is conducted by the 26Sproteasome. Speaking precisely, the proteins that are to be degraded are primarily tagged by conjugating them with ub and these tagged protein are them identified and shuttled to proteasome for the purpose of degradation. Dysfunction in much ubiquitin process has created pathological conditions where there was malignant transformation. Proliferation and cell growth are further controlled by ubiquitin mediated degradation of portooncogenes, tumor suppressors and components of signal transduction systems. The Ubiqutin – Proteasome Pathway If we mix ubiqutin, ATP and an abnormal protein we might think that the protein will conjugate with Ub. However, we would be wrong in this assumption. There is something else required to attach Ub to such a protein. The thing that is needs in many cases is the three kinds of enzymes. 1) Ub activating enzyme known as E1 enzyme. This enzyme is required in modifying Ub so that it can be in a reactive condition. 2) Ub conjugative enzyme known as E2 enzyme. This enzyme does the function of catalyzing the attachment of Ub to the substrate protein. 3) Ub ligases know as E3 enzymes. This enzyme function in align with E2 enzymes and this enzyme is important in identifying the substrate protein. Yeast contains many E1, E2 and E3 enzymes. For example. It has been found that yeast contains 13 various E2 enzymes. All these do the function of conjugation but also a specific

Criminal Justice Opinion Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Criminal Justice Opinion Portfolio - Essay Example Be it the declaration of Independence or the United States constitution, sovereignty is always placed in the hands of the common man. The civil state is beholden to protect the rights of the individual. According to the Fourth Amendment, one has freedom from search and seizure, absent warrant when there is a justifiable requirement of privacy. Currently, it is Fourth Amendment that actually defines the common privacy rights enjoyed by US citizens. Respect to a person’s reasonable expectation of privacy must be maintained according to a 1967 Supreme Court ruling. The state can take any measure to ensure the safety of its citizens. On grounds of suspicion of ‘unusual conduct’, the state can resort to Stop and Frisk measures. But, it must be done after accumulating specific and articulable facts drawn from rational inferences. This can protect the right to privacy from undue interference of the state. Without a warrant there cannot be a seizure on a person, his home or personal property. This includes brief detention when the government is actually encroaching upon the possessory interests of the person to accumulate evidence. It is actually the exceptions that can result in a conflict between the interests of the state and the right to privacy of the respective individual. Even momentary detention is allowed under specific circumstances when the government has no other means to attain its objective. It can be in the form of the brief detention of the motorists or the immigration checkpoints or creating roadblocks to nab a fleeing criminal or locating a suspected bomb. This is to uphold the requirement of the society which is of greater interest. The lives of the citizens and the state’s information assets must be secured, under the current threat of terrorism. With transparent international borders it is indeed a ceaseless strife to maintain an effective balance between

The Revolutionary Afghan Women's Association Essay

The Revolutionary Afghan Women's Association - Essay Example Outsiders came to know or tried to know more about the tragedies of women life in Afghanistan only after they declared war against terror and entered Afghanistan for destroying Taliban. In fact the strict Islamic rules implemented by Taliban prevented the entry of westerners to the soil of Afghanistan and hence the external world failed to recognize the exact situations in Afghanistan under Taliban regime. Moreover Taliban has imposed strict control over freedom of expression and hence it was not easy for the foreign media to enter into the Afghan territory. â€Å"The crisis for afghan women did not begin with Taliban; it has been ongoing for a decade starting with the priod of Jehadi fundamentalist rule and civil war (1992-1996) While women were not subject to all of the legal prohibitions as they later were under Taliban rule, the armed factions rampant lawlessness and human rights violations including abductions, rapes, and forced marriages, specifically targeted women†.1 In order to escape from exploitation from all corners, some Muslim females under the leadership of Meena have started a movement called Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan (RAWA) in 1977. â€Å"RAWA, the Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan, was established in Kabul, Afghanistan, in 1977 as an independent political/social organization of Afghan women fighting for human rights and for social justice in Afghanistan. The founders were a number of Afghan woman intellectuals under the sagacious leadership of Meena who in 1987 was assassinated in Quetta, Pakistan, by Afghan agents of the then KGB in connivance with fundamentalist band of Gulbuddin Hekmatyar†. 2 Though RAWA when formed was aimed only at the reformation of the Muslim females in Afghanistan, later the objectives of RAWA has been integrated to other Muslim countries like Pakistan and Bangladesh as well where the females suffer torture from male dominated societies. â€Å"Male dominan ce

Second Language Acquistion process Research Paper

Second Language Acquistion process - Research Paper Example This paper on â€Å"Second Language Acquisition Process† seeks to analyze, investigate and understand the criticalities involved in the SL acquisition process through an input output process involving a range of intervening steps, and with crucial empirical studies that seek to validate the steps involved in the process of acquisition of a foreign / second language. This section comprises of an elaborate discussion of five critical steps along with empirical studies that authenticate the claims made. These steps include: Beginning of input: Frequency, attention, affect and other factors; Negotiation and Modification; Comprehended input-universal, prior knowledge,(L1/L2); Intake-hypothesis testing; and Individual differences: Personality, situational and modality variables. Languages cannot be learned in a vacuum and hence, it requires essential input for development of adequate language skills. Although the adequate type and quantity of input required for development and achievement of second language acquisition knowledge and skills is a highly debated issue among researchers (Gass, 1997, Pp. 86). The key factors discussed here include input frequency which symbolizes the cross linguistic influence, and comprises of primary variables in a study conducted by Lowie (2000) on the acquisition of derivational morphology in the bilingual mental lexicon. In this study, the L2 factor was productivity, which is essentially associated with frequency. This study revealed that conversion uniformity plays a prominent role in written production at all levels of acquisition. This further suggests that the learners in this experiment depended heavily on their morphological experience in L1 and those, particularly at the lower levels of acquisition, lacked proper dev elopment to of L1 skills. Another experiment conducted in order to ascertain the degree of order of acquisition associated with input, wherein the comparative effect of the L1 related variable

SHOW HOW COMMUNICATION RESEARCHERS AND PROFESSIONALS ARE USING Essay

SHOW HOW COMMUNICATION RESEARCHERS AND PROFESSIONALS ARE USING SYMBOLIC CONVERGENCE THEORY TO HELP EPLAIN OR IMPROVE A COMMUNICATION SITUATION - Essay Example These definitions are applied in attempts to understand the process of investigation and giving meaning to something. The simplest definition of communication is â€Å"sharing of information†. However, it is important to accept and perceive correctly what is shared. Some scientists define communication as an â€Å"exchange of perception†. It is a well-known fact that communication is very important not only in business but in our daily life. Its nature was thoroughly investigated by famous philosophers Aristotle, Socrates and Plato. Aristotle tried to create a communication and language theory. In his work The Rhetoric the philosopher talked about persuasion, while in another creation De Interpretatione  he shares his thoughts about the connection between reason and language. The Symbolic Convergence Theory, created by Ernest Bormann, offers a general interpretation of communication between people. The creator calls his theory "social scientific research in its goal of providing generalizations that hold for a large domain of communication" (Bormann, 1982). This theory offers a technique of people communication in a small group. The given paper is designed to explain and interpret the Symbolic Convergence theory. The Symbolic Convergence Theory is founded on the suggestion that individuals of one group should interchange visions with the purpose of making their group more united. These kinds of visions should disclose feeling. Once interchanging a vision within a collective, it develops a figurative union. This will improve the communication inside the group and its efficiency. A person can share any information, he can tell about his impressions, his taste, the food or beverage he likes. According to Antoine, Althouse, and Ball (2005), Symbolic Convergence Theory "underscores the human tendency to share dramatized narratives, which leads to the potential for persuasion" (Antoine, Althouse, and Ball,

College Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

College Life - Essay Example Associating with clubs and social activities during college life can be enriching but demanding in terms of time and attention. College student life is an enriching experience as it involves not just exclusive devotion to education but also lifelong learning experience and structures (Huang & Carleton, 2003). Club and social activities are activities that students participate in during their leisure time. Leisure plays a significant role in the modern world although in the past very little attention was given to leisure and leisure activities. College life is the most important part in any person’s life. Leisure activities undertaken during college life, influences students in many areas of life including job and life satisfaction. Studies have shown that there is a significant relationship between leisure participation, leisure satisfaction and life satisfaction. Activities such as participation in social clubs on campus help mould an individual towards handling larger respon sibilities. This stems from the changed mission of colleges and universities as they strive towards holistic development of an individual. Participation in activities during college life falls under extra-curricular activities which plays an integral role in collegiate experience (Tenhouse, 2011). These activities complete the college’s academic curriculum and thereby augment the student’s educational experience. Students get an opportunity to interact with other students apart from class interactions. Students are at their natural when they interact at the social level. Student peers are an important source of influence on the overall development of an individual. It also influences the affective and cognitive development of the student. Participation in clubs and social activities leads to well-rounded development of the individual, which is the principal focus of such activities. Involvement in such activities impact the emotional, intellectual, social and inter-per sonal development of students. Participation stimulates their thinking and analytical skills, enhances their organizational ability. It also helps students to learn to manage conflicts, negotiate and communicate effectively. It fosters team spirit and enhances leadership qualities. They adapt other skills such as time management and academic competence as they also mature socially. It enhances their self-esteem and self-confidence as they gain autonomy and learn to appreciate others’ similarities and differences. As pointed out by Huang and Carleton (2003), participation in social activities and membership in college groups can be enriching. It helps students develop skills specific to their career path which leads to job success. Job success implies job satisfaction and ultimately satisfaction in life. Social activities enable the students to link the academic knowledge with practical experience which helps them understand their own talents and abilities. Experiences of this kind prepare a student for the first job as these reflect in the curriculum vitae and students often receive placements while still on campus. Tenhouse finds that participation in clubs and activities has a positive impact on attaining a bachelor’s degree and on educational aspirations. Such students also develop higher ambitions and aspirations than students who do not involve themselves in extra-curricular activities. Campuses have become diverse and hence students desire

SHOW HOW COMMUNICATION RESEARCHERS AND PROFESSIONALS ARE USING Essay

SHOW HOW COMMUNICATION RESEARCHERS AND PROFESSIONALS ARE USING SYMBOLIC CONVERGENCE THEORY TO HELP EPLAIN OR IMPROVE A COMMUNICATION SITUATION - Essay Example These definitions are applied in attempts to understand the process of investigation and giving meaning to something. The simplest definition of communication is â€Å"sharing of information†. However, it is important to accept and perceive correctly what is shared. Some scientists define communication as an â€Å"exchange of perception†. It is a well-known fact that communication is very important not only in business but in our daily life. Its nature was thoroughly investigated by famous philosophers Aristotle, Socrates and Plato. Aristotle tried to create a communication and language theory. In his work The Rhetoric the philosopher talked about persuasion, while in another creation De Interpretatione  he shares his thoughts about the connection between reason and language. The Symbolic Convergence Theory, created by Ernest Bormann, offers a general interpretation of communication between people. The creator calls his theory "social scientific research in its goal of providing generalizations that hold for a large domain of communication" (Bormann, 1982). This theory offers a technique of people communication in a small group. The given paper is designed to explain and interpret the Symbolic Convergence theory. The Symbolic Convergence Theory is founded on the suggestion that individuals of one group should interchange visions with the purpose of making their group more united. These kinds of visions should disclose feeling. Once interchanging a vision within a collective, it develops a figurative union. This will improve the communication inside the group and its efficiency. A person can share any information, he can tell about his impressions, his taste, the food or beverage he likes. According to Antoine, Althouse, and Ball (2005), Symbolic Convergence Theory "underscores the human tendency to share dramatized narratives, which leads to the potential for persuasion" (Antoine, Althouse, and Ball,

How do UC Berkeley and UC Boulder strategic IT plans compare against Essay

How do UC Berkeley and UC Boulder strategic IT plans compare against the Baldridge criteria and each other for assessing strategic planning - Essay Example There are seven main categories of Baldrige criteria that can be unswervingly implemented for analysis and organizational research: Furthermore, there are several crucial core concepts ranging from agility to systems perspective which can be recombined to create special assessment blocks. (Baldrige Performance Excellence Program 2013) UC Berkeley’s (2007) IT plan has been developed in a straight forward manner, where all its chapters are almost directly interconnected with each other in numerous ways. The plan, first of all, seeks to focus on the fundamentals of IT infrastructure management and related service issues. The plan prioritizes delivery of excellent customer service, which expands on customer engagement and governance. In this way, the university seeks to deal with student expectations with a corporate attitude. Contextually, the university plans to improve the security of its IT related data and assets. The university seeks to make special provisions of research support. Enabling campus-wide shared IT services is the prime stepping stone for achieving these aims. The IT plan thus addresses collaboration issues along with a final emphasis on continual improvement of its IT services and applications. UC Berkeley’s attitude of focusing on the basics of IT infrastructure management shows that the IT action plan has a strong strategic grounding. This approach is in accordance with the Baldrige criteria group of Strategic planning. Direct Customer focus criteria can be implemented and further improvised along with the university’s vision on expanding customer engagement. The university also addresses Workforce focus criteria by continuously evaluating its governance system. Core concepts of agility and societal responsibility are implemented as the university seeks to provide research support along with optimal IT security. This same

Health Belief Model Health And Social Care Essay

Health Belief Model Health And Social Care Essay One of the health promotion model adopted for the Swine Flu Project is the Health Belief Model (Becker 1974) and it aims in creating a physical environment that promotes choice of a healthier lifestyle (Ewles and Simnett 1999). This model suggests that people need to possess some kind of clue to take an action upon behaviour styles and health related decisions. But the individuals hardly implement healthy behaviour to prevent specific diseases unless they believe in a way that they are susceptible to the disease. Health needs Assessment is a systematic process of identifying the health issues, targeting the needs of populations and taking an action in a cost effective way. Within the present study, these assessments were categorised in to 5 major steps that aim in obtaining relevant information about the topic and suggesting an action course (National Institute of Clinical Excellence, 2005). This assessment helps in getting a good knowledge on local contextual factors which ensure that any proposed intervention fits exactly with the Oxford Brookes University area context. Additionally, the base line characteristics pertaining to the disease prevalence assist in understanding the extent of change after the implementation of strategies (Stevans, Gillam 1998). Nonetheless, this method is not suitable for the risk analysis study and thus without considering the possible barriers that may met in the long run, the success of this assessment programme seems to be highly questionable (Stevans, Gabbay 1991). Resource availability including funding, time and presence of other issues that compete for attention are the primary risk factors that need to be considered immediately. Besides this, the needs assessment is not effective in overcoming the behavioural changes of at intrapersonal level. Introduction Within the recent years, the United Kingdom has observed a notable increase in the cases pertaining to Swine Flu. Swine Flu (or Swine Influenza) is a respiratory illness caused by influenza virus (H1N1 strain) that infect the pigs respiratory tract and result in continuous nasal secretions, reduced appetite, barking-like cough and listless actions. World Health Organisation declared the virus affecting the disease process as pandemic (June 2009) and the period following this year was announced as a post pandemic period (August 2010). By the year of 2009, a total number of 400 deaths were recorded in England as a consequence of disease outbreak. Subsequently in the year of 2010, around 4.88 million doses of H1N1 vaccine was provided to specific priority groups in United Kingdom (especially in England). The incidence as well as the prevalence rates of the disease was observed to be higher within children of less than 5 years age. Before analysing the disease process, it is very importa nt to understand the concept of health promotion and its effective application in the disease process (Department of Health 2009). Anecdotally, to reduce the incidence of causative virus (H1N1 Influenza) the government must frame an action plan with an ultimate goal of improving the life quality and well being (Lipatov et al., 2004). The methods to enhance health associated behavioural changes, promoting environmental advocacy, providing more mechanical ventilators in communities and organisations (where in which the people accessibility is persisted at a higher rate), reducing the congestion and overfilling of areas with people and maintaining social distancing (another tactic) can be helpful. Usage of alcohol based sanitizers or foam hand sanitizers, covering face masks and wearing gloves (to reduce the likelihood of hand-to-eye, hand-to-mouth transmissions) need to effectively followed by all the individuals regardless of their age, sex and social class. Additionally, respiratory hygiene as a necessary intervention should be implemented and the awareness with relation to its benefits must be generalised to th e local public (Centre for Disease Control, 2009). The hygiene within toilets, wash basins and other related sanitary places need to be monitored on a regular basis. Lastly, the government and local health organisations must necessitate the introduction of Vaccine (2009 Flu Pandemic Vaccine) to all the individuals to gain protection against the virus and its deleterious effects (Food and Drug Administration 2009). The designed action plan framework may assist in a way by minimising the incidence and disease prevalence thereby promoting health and well being. Knowledge of pandemic influenza virus persists to increase at a higher pace and the majority of clinical guidance that existed seems to be valid. Health promotion (a process of facilitating people to enhance the control over their health) strategies with relation to Swine Flu must designed to focus on the disease behaviour and its deleterious effects upon the individuals (Wise, Signal 2009). Health promotion approaches to the disease process and the related efforts placed in to the education, community development, policy designing, legislation and regulation are equally legitimate for the prevention of this disease, its progression and associated problems. In addition, the health promotion strategies implemented also play an effective role in reducing the health inequalities or variations that persist at a higher rate in United Kingdom (Wise, Signal 2009). The present report provides an overview of the various methods targeted towards disease prevention in Oxford Brookes University. In addition, it highlights of models like Health assessment, Health Beliefs together with their usefulness and limitations.

The Childs Upbringing in Superman and New Snowsuit :: Superman Paula Brown Literature Essays

The Child's Upbringing in Superman and New Snowsuit Narrator aged about ten (5th grade). American. Father seems to be dead (Otto). Uncle Frank a father figure -talks to her in a friendly, understanding way. Family seem comfortably off (linen table cloth, silver). Home a warm, friendly, secure place - goes to it to escape the other children. But war is beginning, so an unsettling time for a child, particularly one whose father is dead and whose uncle (whom she admires and likes - identifies him with Superman) is being drafted into the forces. Mother keeps quite a close eye on her - checks on what the film is that the children are going to see (Snow White) before allowing girl to go. Child imaginative and sensitive - plays imaginative games, vomits after seeing film about Japanese at war and has nightmares afterwards. Seems something of a loner - does not join in games played by big groups at school - instead plays with one 'bookish' boy and another who is an outsider. Invited to Paula's party only because 'it was for all the children in the block'. Paula invites her to play tag only because 'we need someone else' Paula picks on her quite unfairly because she wants someone to blame for her spoilt snowsuit. The other children join in, so girl feels isolated. Feels safe at home but when Mr. Sterling comes to tell about the damage, her mother says, 'Why didn't you tell me that you pushed Paula in the mud?' The girl is not asked what happened first, so feels that her mother is believing the lie without hearing her side of the story. Uncle Frank comes to her room in a friendly, understanding way, but by then the girl is feeling miserable and is unable to say what happened in a natural way. When Uncle Frank says they will pay for a new suit anyway, she probably feels that even he does not believe her. This episode, plus the war and probably her father's death, changed the girl's life for ever - she grew up and the world seemed a gloomier place (final paragraph). Kiss Miss Carol =============== Joli is completely different to the girl in the first story. Although he was born in England, his family are immigrants from Bangladesh. His father does not really fit in - he speaks Bengali to the boy, wears traditional clothing (unlike the children even of some other immigrant families). He has his own religion and village life at home is still so important to him that he sends his elder son home to sort out a dispute. The Child's Upbringing in Superman and New Snowsuit :: Superman Paula Brown Literature Essays The Child's Upbringing in Superman and New Snowsuit Narrator aged about ten (5th grade). American. Father seems to be dead (Otto). Uncle Frank a father figure -talks to her in a friendly, understanding way. Family seem comfortably off (linen table cloth, silver). Home a warm, friendly, secure place - goes to it to escape the other children. But war is beginning, so an unsettling time for a child, particularly one whose father is dead and whose uncle (whom she admires and likes - identifies him with Superman) is being drafted into the forces. Mother keeps quite a close eye on her - checks on what the film is that the children are going to see (Snow White) before allowing girl to go. Child imaginative and sensitive - plays imaginative games, vomits after seeing film about Japanese at war and has nightmares afterwards. Seems something of a loner - does not join in games played by big groups at school - instead plays with one 'bookish' boy and another who is an outsider. Invited to Paula's party only because 'it was for all the children in the block'. Paula invites her to play tag only because 'we need someone else' Paula picks on her quite unfairly because she wants someone to blame for her spoilt snowsuit. The other children join in, so girl feels isolated. Feels safe at home but when Mr. Sterling comes to tell about the damage, her mother says, 'Why didn't you tell me that you pushed Paula in the mud?' The girl is not asked what happened first, so feels that her mother is believing the lie without hearing her side of the story. Uncle Frank comes to her room in a friendly, understanding way, but by then the girl is feeling miserable and is unable to say what happened in a natural way. When Uncle Frank says they will pay for a new suit anyway, she probably feels that even he does not believe her. This episode, plus the war and probably her father's death, changed the girl's life for ever - she grew up and the world seemed a gloomier place (final paragraph). Kiss Miss Carol =============== Joli is completely different to the girl in the first story. Although he was born in England, his family are immigrants from Bangladesh. His father does not really fit in - he speaks Bengali to the boy, wears traditional clothing (unlike the children even of some other immigrant families). He has his own religion and village life at home is still so important to him that he sends his elder son home to sort out a dispute.

Cultures in Harper Lees To Kill A Mockingbird :: Harper Lee Kill Mockingbird Essays

‘To Kill A Mockingbird’ is a brilliantly written novel by Harper Lee. The novel is set in Alabama, USA, in the 1930’s and tells the story of a lawyer who defends a wrongly accused black man while trying to raise his two children, Scout and Jem, as they go through childhood and adolescence, life’s most active learning stages. The book is written through the eyes of Atticus’ naà ¯ve young daughter, Scout, and southern ways enhance the plot of the story to give it a realistic and historical perspective. The portrayal of southern culture is shown in an array of subjects. Family, racism, hypocrisy, poverty and hatred are just some of many. The novel is set in the sleepy town of Maycomb, which, although a fictional town, is based on Monroeville, Alabama and is a perfect microcosm of the ways and culture of people during the 1930’s Depression. Maycomb was not on any major routes. It was â€Å"an island in a patchwork sea of cotton fields and timberland† Harper Lee describes Maycomb as a â€Å"Tired old town†. The often-humid climate made summers almost unbearable, and the seasons couldn’t clearly be distinguished. It didn’t rain or snow often, (it hadn’t snowed since 1885). When it rained the streets turned to red slop. The town basically consisted of an oak tree-lined square with one main street. There was a courthouse, which sagged in the square and a jail â€Å"a miniature gothic joke one cell wide and two cells high†. There was also a newspaper office, a few general stores and a school, which was mainly populated by children from outlying farms. The coloured neighbourhood was behind the town dump, completely separated from the white community. People rarely came and left Maycomb, because it was not on any major routes. It was the administrative centre of Maycomb County, but too far from the river to grow from commercial wealth. The town grew â€Å"inward† according to Harper Lee, which, by 1933, led to a caste system in which people had become â€Å"utterly predictable† to each other. Atticus doesn’t believe one should judge people on what their backgrounds are like, and tries to teach Jem and Scout this. But when Aunt Alexandra arrived she â€Å"fitted into the world of Maycomb like a hand into a glove.† Some families in town were respectable, and others weren’t. For example, no matter how poor the Cunninghams were, they still had standards. If they borrowed some money, or someone did a job for them, they would always pay them back. If they could not afford to pay them in money, they would pay them in kind. For example, when Atticus

National Security Vs. Individual Rights Essay

No form of government can survive†¦ when the life of the nation is at stake.† Because I agree with Clinton Rossiter, I affirm the resolution that When the United States is engaged in military conflict, the demands of national security ought to supersede conflicting claims of individual rights. Definitions from Encarta World English Dictionary Engaged in Military Conflict means fighting open warfare. Demands of national security means protection against loss, attack, or harm to the citizens. Ought to supersede means that there is a duty or obligation to take the place or position of something. Conflicting means not able to be followed or acted on, because each requires different and incompatible actions. Claims of individual rights are demands for entitlements, freedoms, or privileges a person has. Before I begin, I have an observation about the resolution. The demands of national security and claims to individual rights must be viewed as legitimate. Because the resolution says ought, we are debating about whether or not national security is a justifiable cause to limit rights. I am upholding SOCIAL WELFARE as my value. Societal welfare is the conditions under which somebody may live satisfactorily in a community. The criterion upholding my value is the PRESERVATION OF SOCIAL ORDER. The United States has the obligation to its citizens to preserve the society by acting on the demands of national security. Contention I: Government is created to preserve welfare by restricting individual rights. Before government was created, we live in what John Locke called the state of nature. In this state of nature, humans were absolutely free. However, we are not able to enjoy these rights because we are not provided safety. We enter a government in order to preserve life, liberty, and property. Locke states: â€Å"[Man] gives up [self-power] to be regulated by laws made by the society, so far forth as the preservation of himself, and the rest of that society shall require; which laws of the society in many things confine the liberty he had by the law of nature.† Even when man is in harmony with government, certain individual rights are limited. When in military conflict, however, justice and security are both compromised, and something must be done to protect them. Contention II: Government must provide for the safety of the society during war by further restricting rights. The highest obligation a government has is to provide the protection of its citizens, and certain rights that may be allowed in less vulnerable times may jeopardize national security during military conflict. Because new forces endanger the society, new measures must be taken to preserve societal order. Jean Jacques Rousseau affirms this. â€Å"Only the greatest dangers can outweigh that of changing the public order, and the sacred power of the laws should never be interfered with except when the safety of the country is at stake.† Even certain constitutional rights may be temporarily superceded during these times. Political Science Professor Martin Shaffer explains: â€Å"To meet the challenge of a major emergency, the barriers against omnipoten t government established by the constitution must oftentimes be transcended.† Contention III: Government has the duty to protect its citizens. When the government restricts rights, it does so to provide security to its citizens. Assuming, as we should under this resolution, that national security is at risk, government, by entering this social contract with its people, has the overall obligation to protect societal welfare. It must restrict certain freedoms of expression, privacy, and due process if it will protect the people. Security must come before rights. Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs places security just above physical needs such as food, water, and shelter. Without security first, rights become invalid and government is unable to function. Men cannot respect a government that does not preserve society. In conclusion, as a legitimate government, the United States has the obligation to protect societal welfare. Because it must protect its citizens above all, temporary infringements on rights are necessary.

Law Employer/Employee Relationship Essay

To determine whether an individual is an employee or independent contractor under the common law, the relationship of the worker and the business must be examined. All evidence of control and independence must be considered. In an employee-independent contractor determination, all information that provides evidence of the degree of control and degree of independence must be considered. Independent Contractor or EmployeeUnder federal and state laws, an independent contractor must be just that, independent. He or she must provide a product or service without punching a time clock or being told how to do the job. Independent contractors are described as persons engaged in occupations who contract to perform work according to their own methods, without being subject to control of the employer except for the result. Before an employer can determine how to treat payments it makes for services, the employer must first know the business relationship that exists between employer and the person performing the services. The person performing the services may be an independent contractor or an employee. Simply because an employer refers to a worker as an independent contractor or he or she has agreed to the arrangement in a written contract does not mean that the individual is correctly classified as an independent contractor. Likewise, the fact that payments are issued by accounts payable rather than the payroll department also does not mean that the person is an independent contractor. The nature of the relationship between the individual and the employer is the true determinant, and misclassification can result in serious consequences for an organization. In Mary’s case, the scenario is vague and may need a little more information in order to give an accurate assumption on whether or not Mary is a contractor or an employee. Mary was hired for a special programmer project as a contractor and just as the project was nearing completion, a new project came into play. For this new project, Mary was required to use company materials and equipment while adhering to company schedules, which makes it seem as though she was being treated as an employee. Mary, at one point being an independent contractor, has now developed a relationship with the employer, the more likely there is an employer/employee relationship,  and the tables at this point have turned. Not only has Mary been working for the company for a number of years, Mary is now working under the supervision of a supervisor, using company materials and equipment, not to mention that she now has to adhere to the company work schedules. Under common-law rules, anyone who performs services for you is your employee if you can control what will be done and how it will be done (Internal Revenue Service, 2004). Employer / Employee RelationshipThe employer/employee relationship between Mary and Little Lamb has changed over the course of time. With respect to Mary’s services, are they regularly available to the general public? They should be, and if Mary does not attempt to make the availability of his/her services known to the general public, her relationship with Little Lamb could be viewed as an employer-employee relationship. The primary issue here is who is running the ship. Does Little Lamb have the right to hire or fire, determine the wage or salary to be paid, and decide on the time, place, and manner in which the work is to be done? If so, then the employer-employee relationship exists. Also, even if Little Lamb does not directly control Mary’s activities, but has the right to do so, the notion of control still exists. Under the common-law (20) criteria test, an employer-employee relationship is present between Mary and Little Lamb Company. Employment at-willOne critical employment law issue affecting employee handbooks and policy manuals is employment at will. Employment at will is traditional common law perspective that an employee may seek work and quit at any time, and likewise, that the employer may hire and fire at any time for any reason or no reason. Employees always have the right to quit their jobs, no matter how inconvenient their departure may be for the employer. The employer’s right to fire or terminate the employee is not quite so simple and clear-cut. Some employees work under a written contract that specifies exactly the circumstances under which they can be terminated. If the agreement sets out a termination procedure, then it is a breach of contract to terminate the employee without following the procedure. Further, in states where at-will employment does exist, it is littered with statutory  exceptions. That means you cannot terminate workers if the discharge infringes on a protected right or goes against public policy (Falcone, 2004). Many employee terminations are based on a need to downsize, rather than on the employee’s individual poor performance (D. Shilling 1998). When employees are classified as reduction in force, it should be clarified that they are not at fault. Downsizing also affects a company’s public profile, and its ex-employees can become either good-will ambassadors or the complete opposite. Mary’s release was legal under the doctrine of employment at-will, providing she was an employee. Employment-at-will status does not provide employees with job security, and an employee can be fired on a moment’s notice for any legitimate reason, or for no reason at all. On the other hand, if Mary was a contractor, then Little Lamb would have broken the employment contract which would be illegal. There are five key exceptions to the employment-at-will doctrine:Employment contracts: If a contract exists, you must adhere to its terms and conditions, including notice requirement, least you breach the contract. Where an employment contract exists for a fixed period of time (for example, three years) and is silent concerning grounds for terminating the contract, many state courts have ruled that employers have an implied obligation to discharge only for just cause. Similarly, unionized employees are governed by the terms and conditions of a collective bargaining agreement-they are not at-will employees. Statutory considerations: Dismissals are illegal when based on age, sex, national origin, religion, union membership or any other factor protected by law. Potential problems arise any time you fire someone in a protected class. Public policy exceptions: You cannot terminate an employee for such activities as filing a workers’ compensation claim, whistle blowing, engaging in group activities that protest unsafe work conditions or refusing to commit an unlawful act on the employer’s behalf. Implied contract exceptions: You may be bound by promises published in your employee handbook or oral promises made at the hiring interview requiring â€Å"just cause† to terminate. In addition, you are prohibited from discharging long-term employees just before they are due to receive anticipated financial benefits (known as an implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing). Because of these limitations, you must attempt to protect the at-will employment status at all costs. And that requires regular reminders about the at-will relationship you have with employees, as well as progressive discipline (Falcone, 2004). Conclusion The law governing the relationship between an employee and an employer begins when an offer for employment is made by an employer to an employee. Labor law regulates the entire relationship between employer and employee and the initial hiring process, job duties, wages, promotions, benefits, employment reviews and termination of the employment relationship. It also includes litigation on the basis of unfair labor practices and discrimination. Sometimes there is a question of whether a worker is an employee or an independent contractor. The courts will usually look to the relationship and determine whether the employer had the right to control how the employee performed the job. If that is unclear, the court may look to the nature of the relationship between the employee and the employer. If the employee is substantially economically dependent upon the employer, then ultimately the bottom line would be that there is an employee-employer relationship. References: Castagnera, J. (1988). Personnel Law Book. Greenvale, New York: Panel PublishersFalcone, P. (2004). A legal Dichotomy. Retrieved September 24, 2006 from: http://www.shrm.orgInternal Revenue Service. United States Department of Treasury. Retrieved September 25, 2006 from: http://www.irs.govShilling, D. (1998). Human Resources and the Law. Printice hall. Paramus, New Jersey.

Summer Dreamscapes – Creative Writing

That particular morning, I woke early, earlier than my parents, which was quite unusual for summer. I had no idea this would be a small yet very important day in my life. I lied in bed a few moments, sun shining brightly through my metal framed windows, hitting my face, thinking of the beautiful day that waits. I quickly ascended from my queen bed, nearly tripping over the piles of clothes on my grayish-blue floor. I hurried to my bathroom rugs; the painted concrete floor under my feet was chilly, sending a slight layer of goose bumps up my arms. I came to virtually a sudden stop in the middle of my pink and green polka dot painted bathroom after a quick glance out the window. In the greenery out near the multicolored flower garden, sits a small brownish-grey cluster of fur. With a closer look, I could easily tell it is a squirrel. Like a statue, the miniature creature was absolutely tranquil. I stretched my arm up to lay my hand on the glass, still cold from the shadowy night. With a flick of the wrist, I tapped the window, quickly, but not too loud. In no more than a second the frightened tiny ball of fur came alive and quickly scurried up the Elm tree in the back yard, no longer in sight. After a silent laugh, I continued on my way. In the small bathroom, just right of the door sat my small porcelain sink with a wooden cabinet underneath. Out of excitement and no intent of going to sleep, I had already laid my clothes I had prepared to wear that day on the sink. I pulled on a white tank top, which still carried the relaxing smell of the lavender and vanilla detergent my mother loved to use. After sliding my clumsy feet into brown homely flip-flops, I hear my father calling my name. I flipped off the light switch, and hurried out the door. The anticipation only grew in the car ride to the lake as each leafy green tree and yellow line passed. I watched with exhilaration as the lake came into sight. I could easily see the majestic blue water and countless boats, which looked like white specks on the horizon, and I think to myself, â€Å"This is perfect. † I begin to smell the lake as we slowly drive forward on the narrow gravel road, rocks cracking below us, toward our favorite swimming area. This particular area was extremely special because it was surrounded by stunning bluffs, which I had never had the courage to leap from before. These beautiful, rough rock structures had all shades of brown and tan mixed together with visible horizontal lines from multiple years of rock formation. I opened the car door quickly, trying to grab as much as I could to take to the rough concrete picnic table. The table, situated nicely under a tree, appeared to have bright green moss growing on it, almost as if it had been under water at some point. The table had an astonishing view of the other side of the lake. From there I could see children wearing bright colored floaters and some playing in the sand. In my line if sight, was a small group of people tossing and bouncing around a red, yellow, blue and white beach ball and the sound of laughter in the distance. I start feeling an empty spot in my stomach as my dad prepared the grill. I could smell the charcoal starter mixed with the blackish briquettes as they caught flame. Looking at the lake from my seat, I could see the rainbow waves of heat from the grill, blurring my vision. I hear the burger patties sizzling and the smell of the beef cooking that brought back all the memories of summers before. I reach below my seat and open the lid of the cooler, plunging my hand into the icy water to grab a cold drink. As I pulled my hand out, I gave it a little shake to get the remainder of the melted ice water off. My mother handed me a plate and poured the little triangular nacho cheese potato chips to my plate, they are my favorites. She sat a bun she had taken from a bag on my plate and grabbed the deep-red tomato ketchup from the cooler and squirted in an â€Å"s† shape on the bun. Although I knew better, I ate in a hurry, even finishing a can of soda, so I could get in the water. I hurried to the top of the bluff for a quick peak from the very top. I could see nobody below me but the blue-green glass-like water waiting, calling my name. I had decided long before that soon I was going to brave this jump, and today is the day. Being the impatient person that I am, I tossed my tank top and flip-flops in the short green grass atop the bluff and walked to the edge for ‘just a look' for the last time. I could feel the hot gritty rock beneath my bare feet. I could feel the anxiousness in the pit of my stomach and the readiness in my mind. I peered over my left shoulder for one last glance at my parents, who were absolutely preoccupied at the time. Knowing I was ready, I wanted to think twice but didn't. I gathered all the fear inside myself and took one deep breath. I pushed away from the top of the bluff with all the strength in me. Time seemed to stop, and I remembered the children playing in the distance and the boats floating on the smooth water, although I couldn't have been in the air for more than a few seconds. I didn't make a sound except the splash when I hit the water, motionless until that instant. I could feel the cool water all over my body, the adrenaline pumping, my mind shocked at what I had just done. I plunged lower into the darkness as the bubbles I had brought down with me raced to the top. My lungs, empty, began to ache and I knew in a split second I needed to get to the surface for air. I caught my breath at the top of the water and knew I had accomplished one of my own goals and conquered my great fear of heights at the same time. We left the lake late in the evening, just as the sun began to set. I had hit a small, yet huge milestone in my life. I knew I could do anything, no matter how much fear I feel, if I just set my mind to it. I always think back to this important day when I feel frustrated and remember that I am only limited by what I limit myself. Driving away from the pinkish-purple sunset, I take one last look back and see the sun's ornamental reflection on the glassy water and realize what a wonderful experience this day has been. I have the memories of the exciting jump and the vivid picture of the colorful sunset forever in my mind.

Development of Miami city Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Development of Miami city - Research Paper Example The president did not like the controller tower to be destroyed, so it was left till now in the campus compound. This tower was later star as Florida international ivory tower. With an increase in number of students who wanted to pursue education, it called for the establishment growth in terms of facilities and structures. Presently, Florida international university is considered to be among the first and largest university in United States of America. However. This was characteristic to as far as it was able to produce good students who were experience to work. FIU produced elite who was able to meet the demands of employers.The group looked or worked to meet the demands of its client (students); therefore, spirits of entrepreneur were born in the institution, this lead to the establishment of some new technique that related to management and business. The school was officially opened in 1972 with five thousand six hundred and sixty seven students. The institution provided a variet y of faculties both full time and part time.Later in 1976, Hartod Crosby was elected to be the next president, accepting to benefit the basis for three year period interim. During his leadership, the company expanded and opened a north campus. The president made numerous progresses to the university, such as implementing new programs that made individual students perform better. In addition, some courses within the hospital were looked into, for example, the program the president made with the Latin America and Caribbean.

Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Speech - Essay Example However, although my target was the 30,000 reward, I managed to realize the 20,000 reward, which is not bad for me since my goal of joining the prudential has been accomplished. On a serious note, until today, I still do not know how I manage to sign the cases but the only thing that I believe in is hard work. Hard work pays is my personal motto and it has worked in my favor every time that I engage in challenging activities. One of my guidelines is to fully comprehend what I am selling and how important it is to the customer. This helps me in sharing my experience with the customers making the negotiation more persuasive. This improves the possibility of the customers placing the purchase and becoming a return customer. Normally, I meet at least two people on daily basis. Before meeting them, I undertook adequate research concerning the products such as knowing which are the most important to the customer and devise ways of persuading them. I acquired these skills from my leader who was keen when teaching me the closing skills and when training me on product information, which would be important when negotiating with the customers. I used to encounter different problems before the training, after which my communication skills and persuasive skills have improved. In spite of the success, I have had some challenges. One of my biggest challenges is the fact that I am a degree holder and insurance job is considered somehow not appropriate for degree holders. Specifically, my family did not support my career choice and instead thought that I should take certain career path such as being an OL. To be honest, I knew I was talented in sales but kept on denying it until the time when the prudential challenge was organized. The challenge attracted me to the point that I could not ignore it any longer. I finally decided to follow my heart and my talent. Since my family had not agreed with my career path, they did not support me adequately. However, I stand here

Polybius, the Constitution of the Roman republic Essay

Polybius, the Constitution of the Roman republic - Essay Example Polybius begins the analysis of separate magistrates with consuls. The consuls, when they are present in Rome, govern all the people and all the officers except the tribunes, they report to the Senate on all matters and enter the embassy to the Senate, oversee the execution of enactments, summon the national assembly, make proposals, execute orders, have unlimited authority in military affairs, may punish any person in the military camp and spend public funds at their discretion. The senate primarily administers the state treasury; in its jurisdiction are all crimes committed in Italy, it is responsible for the administration of embassies in countries outside of Italy; it decides issues of war and peace, receives the embassy. Polybius emphasizes that people do not participate at all in these events. Realizing that may give the impression that people can do nothing substantial, the author hastens to warn that this is a false opinion. He draws the reader’s attention to the fact that people have a very strong influence on the life of the Roman state, as in people’s hands is the right to reward and punish. From the viewpoint of Polybius these incentives determine people’s entire lives.

U.S History 1 and 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

U.S History 1 and 2 - Essay Example There have been rumblings, in the fields, amongst the other slaves about those willing to help us escape to free territory in the North. Everyday, I try to muster up enough courage to leave with others escaping through the swamps not far from here to hide as we head to the North. One day, about ten years later, in 1841, I along with a few other slaves leave in the dark of night as the owners and overseers, such as the ruthless one- eyed Williams. We made a mad dash for a wooded area just along the property farthest from the mansion. It took months of avoided all the people searching for us by hiding in the forests and swamps. We moved only in the night as not to be seen. Once I reached the North, I lived amongst the free black men and tried to reacquire my family through the slave trades, if possible. President Franklin Roosevelt, in 1942, issued Executive Order 9066 which called for all the immigrant residents from enemy nations during the war to be taken to internment camps for what was believed to be their own safety. The War Department along with other United States Departments backed this Executive Order. This was mainly to move the Japanese- Americans from their West Coast homes into the internment camps in the interior of the United States. Whether or not this was the United States best idea, is something that has been debated on for years. However in my opinion, I do not think that it was overly justified or even necessary to prevent the Japanese from gaining any further intelligence from the Japanese-Americans living on the West Coast. But, at the time, the United States Government thought it was completely necessary and justified. After, the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, in Honolulu, Hawaii, the United States declared war on the Japanese and decided to join forces with England and Russia in the fight against the Axis powers of Germany and Japan. But the

Ransomware Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ransomware - Research Paper Example Ransomware is a threat due to inability to recover information from the infected computer. Ransomware is a hijacking threat in the computer system using encryption technology to limit or prevent the user’s access to their system. The Three types of ransomware include encrypting malware, lock-screen viruses and scareware. The ransomware make be in the form of police blocking computer access or FBI virus while others use pornographic images to embarrass the victim. The victims of this malware are usually internet users though hijacking of their user files. It often requires the user to pay ransom to the malware creator before removing the restriction. The attacker may seize the files or computer until the user pays the ransom to online currency accounts such as Webmoney or eGold. The attacks using ransomware are becoming more sophisticated and refined in algorithm posing great challenges to data protection. We will consider the history of ransomware, how ransomware functions in this article. Besides, the paper discusses the reason behind its fast growth, how to prevent it or fix the computer after infection. The increase in the use of ransomware since the formation of the first one raises the question of why they are becoming more prominent. The ransomware is likely to evolve further with the current ones having the ability to encrypt and lock the files. The latest actions of the ransomware ensure the damage they cause continues even after removal without paying the ransom money. As the technology evolves, the malware also evolves in many ways to thrive (Elisan & Hypponen, 2013). . Ransomware has changed over time since the first case in the infection methods, directives and persistence. The early cases of ransomware were benign and easy to remove. However, the new strains are more persistent and pose great threats. The first ransomware is PC Cyborg in 1989 that claimed expiry of license to a

Social Anthropology Essay Example for Free

Social Anthropology Essay Social and cultural anthropology is the comparative study of culture and human societies. Anthropologists seek an understanding of human kind in all its diversity. This understanding is reached through the study of societies and cultures and the exploration of the general principlesof social andcultural life. Social and cultural anthropology places special emphasis on comparative perspectives that challenge cultural assumptions. Many anthropologists explore problems and issues associated with the complexity of modern societies in local, regional and global contexts. Participant observation is one type of data collection method, its aim is to gain a close and intimate familiarity with a given group of individuals and their habits through an intensive involvement with people in their cultural environment, usually over an extended period of time. The term ethnography has come to be equated with virtually any qualitative research project where the intent is to provide a detailed, in-depth description of everyday life and practice. The relationship between P. O. and the ethnography is that, in order to write the ethnography, we get information using P. O. The importance of fieldwork is that the data the anthropologist gathers is more valuable because is first hand information. However, the armchair anthropology is based on books and reaserch papers written by anthropologists that have done prior studies. There are some advantages and disadvantages of fieldwork, which i will mention: The main advantage would be that the anthropologist can stablish a good relationship with the people being observered, that leads to a more honest information, and you may tell when people are lying or hiding something. Another important advatage to point out is that you learn how to formulate right questions. The most important disadvantage is that the person doing the research may be bias to the person who is being interviwed. Also, the fact that there is a lack of privacy while doing the work, which might affect the anthropologist point of view. Depending on the period of time in which the ethnography is written, the data included may vary. Due to this fact, the anthropologist as well as the person being observed are affected by the events going on, and by the knowledge they have at this point. As an example, an ethnography published before Darwin, might had been taking into account Lamarck`s theory. On the other side, a study done after Darwin, would consider Darwin`s theory.

Existentialism School Of Thought

Existentialism School Of Thought Existentialism is a school of thought that attempts to break down much of the foundations of thought itself, to allow for reasoning unbridled by preconceived notions. In a sense the idea attacks the structure of normal reasoning, in an effort to render what is thought to be known as questionable rather than inherent. However, it goes much deeper than that. It is a way of thinking that is almost impossible to sum up in a single sentence, paragraph, or even page. One could say it is a theory meant to allow human thinking and existence to define itself. While it can be explained, it somewhat of a theory that invents itself while it explains itself, while rendering every most every truth it creates about itself completely vulnerable to be reshaped by the truths it will later create. In fact many existential thinkers would reject the title of existentialist as to define their work, went against the very nature of their work. One of the earliest existentialist thinkers, Martin Heidegger, with his vast interest in experiences common to all humans, such as death and anxiety, addressed such definitive problems in existential thought as the relationship between an individuals self and the world around him. Ushered in many ideas that a more solidly defined existentialism would later draw its roots from. Heideggers interests and works involved topics, such as nihilism and the rejection of science. Another common ground most existential thinking roots itself in is phenomenology. Edmond Husserls phenomenological work was a resource for Heideggers transcendent views of the experiences of humans, stating that is found not as a property of an individual but rather it is a framework where the human mind meets the world around it. Other influential philosophers to Heidegger were Soren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche, wherein lies the seed of the existence problem. Kierkegaard and Nietzsche, while both also focus on the meaning of the individual in a worldly setting, approach the problem from a more religious perspective. Kierkegaards view of existence states that the meaningfulness of a human emerges from the conflict of ethics and religious faith. Somewhat of a prelude to the concept of authenticity, Kierkegaard claims that subjectivity is truth, contrasting the objective view of the crowd which would make decisions or view reality based on the social norms of a given age. He feels that an individual seeking truth to their existence through objective science is an individual relieving their self of the burden of being their self. Nietzsches while viewing existence similarly, takes a more nihilistic approach, searching for meaning in the absence or collapse of theism and morality. Avoiding the existence of a norm, he would say that rather than a governing norm setting the standard or pace for the work, the norm should be internal to the work. Since the driving force in the lives of most men is the presence of an intrinsic meaning to life, nihilism could very easily be viewed as a philosophy of despair. Without a given reason to live, many would have no will to live. Nietzsche would see such an individual as weakly constituted, since he feels that the absence of such an intrinsic meaning provides an opportunity for the strong willed or creative individual to create meaning for their self. Where most would view the social norms as the responsibility of anyone in a society, Kierkegaard and Nietzsche would say that one who accepts those social norms is essentially forfeiting his worldly responsibility. With the idea of creating meaning or reason through living life, as opposed to living life for the sake of a given meaning or reason, these philosophers set the stage for the idea to be processed into something more systematic. Moving further into an era of thinking that would finally be referred to as Existentialism rather than bits and pieces of radical thinking, the work of philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre dives deep into the problem of existence. Focusing heavily on the individuals place in the world and giving meaning to the existence of every individual. It states that though the individual is not simply so powerful and meaningful that it transcends this world, the individual is however, transcendent to this world in that the individual has the power to create their own meaning of life while wrapped up in the very act of living it. Sartres mantra is existence precedes essence. This phrase is about as close as one can get to summarizing existentialism in a few words. The governing ideas in existentialism explain that what it means to be human simply cannot be explained, since that meaning is developed during the process of living life as a human. While again, this can be a depressing view since many would prefer to part of a greater whole, or existing for the purpose of a higher potential, it can be interpreted to show that we in fact are the higher potential, since we create our own meaning rather than bend to the will of a predetermined meaning. The human consciousness allows humans to constantly shape their own existence, thus shaping the world around them as they go along. Not only would it be difficult and uncomfortable for a sculptor to sit on his pottery wheel and stare at a lump of clay sitting in a chair as it whirs past his view with every rotation, it would also be very counterproductive. Entities which are not human have fixed properties which define them as well as their value in the world. For instance a stapler is an entity that staples. It was created with the purpose of stapling and its value as an entity lies in how well it can staple. So to staple is the essence of that entity. If it does not sufficiently pierce a stack of paper with a bracket shaped piece of metal, it does not have the option to instead choose to be a pair of scissors. However it does posses a weight and size, so a human using such an insufficient stapler, could choose to instead use it as a paperweight but this would be an improper use of a stapler as far as the staplers essence is concerned. While a human does posses properties such as weight and size, much like the stapler, the human is the only one of the two which can choose how to allocate those properties and in the absence of a given essence, there is no rule to govern what is proper and improper use of a human, except those rules de veloped by the human entity itself. With no predetermined value of a human, there is no governing rule to decide which humans governing rules should govern the rules of all humans. So every human is left to invent their own rules of life, and when viewed from a subjective stance, one clearly cannot simply produce a list of such rules which will work in all situations, and thus must constantly invent new rules as their life progresses. Such a method would render these rules to not be rules at all, but instead methods specific and useful to the given situation. Where a being such as a stapler instantiates its essence, which is to staple, at any moment that it is used to staple, a human being almost reverses the process, creating moments of essence through instantiating his or her consciousness in every moment of existence. If you are stapling, for the moment that you have committed yourself to the act of stapling, your essence has become to staple. Had you not previously existed with the desire to fasten two pieces of p aper to each other, then that essence could not possibly have been produced. In the same manner you chose to staple you could choose to forfeit the task in mid press, leaving a half extended staple and an indent in your stack of paper, at which point your essence would become that of a being who aborts the task of stapling. Just the same you could never have arrived at this essence without previously existing. So in an existential light, the meaning of existence comes to be at moment where properties of life and the nature of the world around the human meet the humans ability to decide what is or is not a property and how that property is to be put to effect. It is in the relationship of two key points in existential thought known as facticity and transcendence that human life arrives at existence. Facticity represents information that can be attained through third person investigation. One person viewing another could factually state their height, weight, skin color, race, class, hair color and number of other things about them. Just as one could take a third person stance on themselves and objectify their web of beliefs, character traits, likes and dislikes. The common point of view on such investigation would state that facticity manifests itself in your moods or the outcomes of a situation on your life, as a burden of sorts. One might say that since you stepped in a puddle, you are no w sad, as the feeling of sadness has been placed on your shoulders due to your careless mistake of stepping into water. A multitude of means could be used to determine why one would conclude such facticity from this event. Whether they fear germs in the puddle, ruined their expensive work shoes, or simply dislike being wet, the burden of sadness has been allocated to them and for the time being represents the facticity of their life. Transcendence refers to the factual as it always emerges in light of the possible. The possible is a result of choices and decisions, not forces. While forces govern the tendency of a disturbed puddle to splash the disturber, there are no forces outside of ones own mind set and internal choices to govern the resulting sadness. With such a transcendent ability to choose happiness over sadness, it seems unreasonable to choose to be sad. In this light existentialism can reject negative interpretations of the belief and show itself as humanism. In Sartres work entitled Existentialism is a Humanism he clearly defines ways in which existentialism can be extremely beneficial to humans, rather than a depression lack of reason or meaning for existence. With a race of beings so capable of constantly reinventing their own essence and the ability to make choices from a truly objective view point, limitless possibilities are opened up for the progress of existence. While a lion may not be smart enough to willingly and understanding allow a smarter being to make choices for it, for instance a human cannot reason with a lion why it should stay in its cage or why it should go to school and learn about a given trade so it can make a living later in life, it is also true that a lion cannot make its own choice to not become aggressive when threatened nor can it retain information about computer engineering in a manner which will al low the lion to become a successful computer engineer. The lion can only be forced and trained to work with those around it and it can never work with others for the sake of the benefit of the race as a whole. It seeks only to play out its instincts and desires, without the ability to consciously redirect either of them. In the view of the existentialist, to forfeit subjectivity and choice in order to replace it with following norms or given beliefs, is to forfeit what it is to be human, or according to many philosophers such as Sartre, the burden and responsibilities of being a human.